UKECRF Research Round-Up
The UK E-Cigarette Research Forum, in partnership with the UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies and Public Health England has released its latest research round-up
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by Dave Cross
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The UKECRF [link] provides monthly updates aiming giving an overview of new vape. They are aimed at researchers, policy makers, health professionals and anyone else with an interest in tobacco harm reduction. The authors point out that the studies they present are but a snapshot of all the papers published over the last month.
The monthly briefing covering July and August 2021 was produced by Alice Davies from Cancer Research UK with assistance from Professor Linda Bauld at the University of Edinburgh.
From gateways to multilinear connections: A qualitative longitudinal investigation of the relationships between vaping and smoking among adolescent users
The qualitative UK study investigated the routes to and from vaping and smoking in teens.
The round-up says: “Most participants smoked before using e-cigarettes meaning there were limited accounts exhibiting the gateway effect. Incentives were used to boost recruitment which may have resulted in participant self-selection. The sample size was small, so findings cannot be generalised to the broader population.”
Trends in use of e-cigarette device types and heated tobacco products from 2016 to 2020 in England
The study from University College London looked at trends in device use and nicotine concentrations in 3786 adults over a four year period. It found that 53.7% used tank devices, 23.7% used modular devices, 17.3% used pods and 5.4% used disposables.
The researchers said use of e-cigarette device types remained stable over time but modular devices were the second most commonly used device until 2020 when pods overtook them.
41% of e-cigarette users used a concentration of up to 6 mg/ml nicotine, 23.4% used 12-19 mg/ml, 13.4%used 7-11mg/ml, 14.2% used no nicotine, 4.1% used more than 20mg/ml. 3.2% of users didn’t know what they were using. Rates remained steady across the study period.
E-cigarettes versus nicotine replacement treatment as harm reduction interventions for smokers who find quitting difficult: randomized controlled trial
The study randomised 135 adults who were previously unable to stop smoking, to either an e-cigarette starter pack and instructions to purchase further supplies, or nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) products of their choice. Participants received two behavioural support sessions. They were then monitored for sustained abstinence at four weeks and six months.
Researchers found that the rate of sustained validated abstinence was 19.1% in the e-cigarette group. This compared with just 3% in the NRT group – meaning vaping delivered over a sixfold advantage for smokers looking to quit.
Other studies of interest:
Patterns of Use
- Disposable E-Cigarette Use Prevalence, Correlates, and Associations with Previous Tobacco Product Use in Young Adults.
- State-specific prevalence of current e-cigarette use by disability status and disability type-United States, BRFSS 2016-2018.
- The Effect of Cigarette Use and Dual-Use on Depression and Sleep Quality.
- Electronic Cigarette Cessation among Adolescents and Young Adults.
- Shared Environmental Influences on Electronic Cigarette Use Among Adolescent and Young Adult Females.
- A qualitative examination of e-cigarette use among California young adults during the EVALI outbreak.
- Stealth vaping among college students on four geographically distinct tobacco-free college campuses: prevalence and practices.
- Impact of flavours, device, nicotine levels and price on adult e-cigarette users' tobacco and nicotine product choices.
- Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) cue reactivity in dual users: A combined analysis.
- Patterns of Tobacco Smoking and Nicotine Vaping among University Students in the United Arab Emirates: A Cross-Sectional Study.
- Examining Adult E-cigarette Use in Kentucky and Its Appalachian Region Using the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2016-2017.
- Smoking and vaping patterns during pregnancy and the postpartum: A longitudinal UK cohort survey.
- Patterns of E-Cigarette Use Among Primary Care Patients at an Urban Community Center.
- Electronic Nicotine Vapor Exposure Produces Differential Changes in Central Amygdala Neuronal Activity, Thermoregulation and Locomotor Behavior in Male Mice.
- Prospective association between use of electronic cigarettes and use of conventional cigarettes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
- Community- and individual-level risk factors of past month e-cigarette use among adolescents in France.
- Subjective experiences at e-cigarette initiation: Implications for e-cigarette and dual/poly tobacco use among youth.
- Rising vape pod popularity disrupted declining use of electronic nicotine delivery systems among young adults in Texas, USA from 2014 to 2019.
- Adverse Childhood Experiences and Past 30-Day Cigarette and E-Cigarette Use Among Sexual and Gender Minority College Students.
Perception
- #FlavorsSaveLives: An Analysis of Twitter Posts Opposing Flavored E-cigarette Bans.
- Developing and validating measures of absolute and relative e-cigarette product risk perceptions: Single items can be surprisingly comprehensive.
- Associations between absolute and relative electronic cigarette harm perceptions and information-seeking behaviours among US adult current, former and never smokers.
- Reactions to sales restrictions on flavored vape products or all vape products among young adults in the US.
- Leading Topics in Twitter Discourse on JUUL and Puff Bar Products: Content Analysis.
- An investigation of factors encouraging and deterring EC use: a thematic analysis of accounts from UK adults.
- Trends in use of e-cigarette device types and heated tobacco products from 2016 to 2020 in England.
- Electronic cigarettes and public health awareness: a cross-sectional analysis of Google search inquiries.
Use and perceptions of electronic nicotine delivery systems among patients attending lung cancer screening who smoke. - Examining e-cigarette perspectives before and after the EVALI peak in cases.
Cessation
- The role of electronic cigarette use for quitting or reducing combustible cigarette use in the 30s: Longitudinal changes and moderated relationships.
- Examining intention to quit using Juul among emerging adults.
- Youth, family and society: Examining the dynamics of e-cigarette use in Latino college students.
- Predictors of smoking reduction among African American and Latinx smokers in a randomized controlled trial of JUUL e-cigarettes.
- Targeted smoking cessation for dual users of combustible and electronic cigarettes: a randomised controlled trial.
- Effectiveness of a Vaping Cessation Text Message Program Among Young Adult e-Cigarette Users: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
- E-cigarettes versus nicotine replacement treatment as harm reduction interventions for smokers who find quitting difficult: randomized controlled trial.
- Participant Experiences of a Quit Smoking Attempt Through Either Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) Methods or the Use of an E-cigarette.
- Variations in Electronic Nicotine Delivery System (ENDS) device types and association with cigarette quit attempts.
- Correlates of e-cigarette use for smoking cessation among clients in residential substance use disorder treatment.
Youth
- An examination of how e-cigarette/cigarette use during adolescence is associated with future use during the third trimester of pregnancy.
- Adolescent E-cigarette Users at Highest Risk of Cigarette Smoking Intention.
- Has increased youth e-cigarette use in the USA, between 2014 and 2020, changed conventional smoking behaviors, future intentions to smoke and perceived smoking harms?
- Adolescent electronic cigarette use and tobacco smoking in the Millennium Cohort Study.
- Exploring the gateway hypothesis of e-cigarettes and tobacco: a prospective replication study among adolescents in the Netherlands and Flanders.
- From gateways to multilinear connections: A qualitative longitudinal investigation of the relationships between vaping and smoking among adolescent users.
- Use of E-Cigarettes and Associated Factors among Youth in Thailand.
- Differences in electronic cigarette use among adolescents in Korea: A nationwide analysis.
- Tobacco Use Status and Temptation to Try E-Cigarettes among a Sample of Appalachian Youth.
Identifying message themes to prevent e-cigarette use among youth and young adults.
Marketing
- E-cigarette advertising exposure among South African adults in 2017: findings from a nationally representative cross-sectional survey.
Electronic Cigarette Product Placement and Imagery in Popular Music Videos. - Changes in Recall to E-Cigarette Advertisement Exposure among Florida Youth, 2016-2019.
- Early evidence of the associations between an anti-e-cigarette mass media campaign and e-cigarette knowledge and attitudes: results from a cross-sectional study of youth and young adults.
- The Association between E-Cigarette Price and TV Advertising and the Sales of Smokeless Tobacco Products in the USA.
- A content analysis of the tweets of e-cigarette proponents in Australia.
Harms and harm reduction
- Use of electronic cigarettes as a predictor of cannabis experimentation: A longitudinal study among German youth.
- Association of 1 Vaping Session With Cellular Oxidative Stress in Otherwise Healthy Young People With No History of Smoking or Vaping: A Randomized Clinical Crossover Trial.
- Association of 1 Vaping Session With Cellular Oxidative Stress in Otherwise Healthy Young People With No History of Smoking or Vaping: A Randomized Clinical Crossover Trial.
- The effect of electronic cigarettes exposure on learning and memory functions: behavioral and molecular analysis.
- Impact of e-cigarettes on colonic mucosa and the role of recovery: involvement of oxidative and inflammatory pathway.
- Biomarkers of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Among Adult Former Smoker, Current E-Cigarette Users Results from Wave 1 PATH Study.
- Preliminary assessment of the subjective effects of electronic-cigarettes in young-adult low-dose electronic-cigarette users: Effects of nicotine dose and e-liquid flavor.
- Cannabis use and electronic cigarette use: The role of dual use on use frequency and related problems.
- Firsthand and Secondhand Exposure Levels of Maltol-Flavored Electronic Nicotine Delivery System Vapors Disrupt Amino Acid Metabolism.
- Respiratory Symptom Incidence among People Using Electronic Cigarettes, Combustible Tobacco, or Both.
- Association between dual use of e-cigarette and cigarette and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: an analysis of a nationwide representative sample from 2013 to 2018.
- Metal exposure and biomarker levels among e-cigarette users in Spain.
- Estimation of the dose of electronic cigarette chemicals deposited in human airways through passive vaping.
- Exposure to nicotine vapor produced by an electronic nicotine delivery system causes short-term increases in impulsive choice in adult male rats.
- Adverse Birth Outcomes Associated With Prepregnancy and Prenatal Electronic Cigarette Use.
- Patterns of combustible and electronic cigarette use during pregnancy and associated pregnancy outcomes.
- Long-term cerebrovascular dysfunction in the offspring from maternal electronic cigarette use during pregnancy.
Misc
- Adolescents and Young Adults Have Difficulty Understanding Nicotine Concentration Labels on Vaping Products Presented as mg/mL and Percent Nicotine.
- Characterization of Electronic Cigarette Warning Statements Portrayed in YouTube Videos.
- "Don't Know" Responses for Nicotine Vaping Product Features among Adult Vapers: Findings from the 2018 and 2020 ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Surveys.
- Vaping on TikTok: a systematic thematic analysis.
- Anxiety Sensitivity and Emotion Dysregulation in Dual and Exclusive E-Cigarette Users.
- Tracing the movement of electronic cigarette flavor chemicals and nicotine from refill fluids to aerosol, lungs, exhale, and the environment.
- Exploratory Analysis of Electronic Cigarette-Related Videos on YouTube: Observational Study.
- Are e-cigarette use and vaping associated with increased respiratory symptoms and poorer lung function in a population exposed to smoke from a coal mine fire?
Dave Cross
Journalist at POTVDave is a freelance writer; with articles on music, motorbikes, football, pop-science, vaping and tobacco harm reduction in Sounds, Melody Maker, UBG, AWoL, Bike, When Saturday Comes, Vape News Magazine, and syndicated across the Johnston Press group. He was published in an anthology of “Greatest Football Writing”, but still believes this was a mistake. Dave contributes sketches to comedy shows and used to co-host a radio sketch show. He’s worked with numerous start-ups to develop content for their websites.
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